To Southern Kurils the islands concern:
Brouton, Black Brothers, Urup, Iturup, Kunashir, and also all islands of a Small Kuril patch - Shikotan, Green, Polonsky, Tanfiliev, Yury, Anutchin, small-sized reefs Demin, Fox, Shishki and Signal. In Japan these islands - Green, Polonsky, Tanfiliev, Yury, Anutchin, the reefs Demin, Fox, Shishki and Signal call "Dance Dens" - Habomai. (Now islands Brouton, the Black Brothers and Urup do not fall into Southern Kurils).
Are most similar to Kuril islands - Aleut of an islands (USA), Farer of an island (Denmark), Shetland and Folkland of an island (England).
Kurils - is a very small patterns. (It is considered, that the natives Smoked, ainu, there was in Japan about 16 thousand a person.) On Kurils there is nothing, that would be worthy attentions big gangsters. And it salvages Kurils. Even the mining of Kuril gold has appeared ruinous for "of lengthy arms(hand) from Moscow".
( However, the attempts of "mining" are prolonged. For example, I.Prohorova (E-mail russia@wwfnet.org), admired by the nature of reservation "Kurilsky" informs, that in 1999 under a signboard "Of the Kuril mining-and-geological company" on an island Kunashir, in the conservation zone of state natural reservation "Kurilsky" the wrongful creation of a mountain-chemical complex on a mining and processing of auriferous ore began. Construction gold-enrich of factory of a cyanide hardening (most known of Cyanidums - cyanide). Significantly, that maiden wishing "to run in" "mineral resourcess of Kuril islands" there was a known adventurer of M - A.Benevsky (see. Sources, and also "The Pioneers of Kuril islands" B.P.Polevoy Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 1982). Benevsky declared: - "We shall reach there after short sailing, we shall charge galiot with gold and those who will not wish to follow with us in Europe, we shall land on the Kamchatka beach".).
Same fate has comprehended(overtaken) also all "sanatorium" undertakings. "The Development of thermal oofs", has resulted only to "to development of the investments" and degradation of thermal sources. For example, on an island Kunashir, the Ardent Beach - where, in due course, in the pools, dug in ardent sand has vanished children - now there sinks of a miserable motor depot were swashed. The outputs(exits) of thermal sources of seashore of a volcano of the Mendeleyev - thermal energy have run low it was necessary for a hothouse (now - ruins), a very little plant on effecting pemzoblocks (now does not work), and now also to the project of century - geothermal power station (Are still.... Some, for whom are superfluous billions. However, a loss of an ecology the geothermal power station already puts. On the other hand, there was a project superpotent nuclear station on about Shikotan.)
Island Kunashir - central island of Southern-Kuril region and most southern settled island of a Large Kuril patch. Length of an island about 66 miles, mean width of 6-7 miles. The island Kunashir is unbound from Japan by rather narrow and superficial channels Kunashir Treason. In Locies of the Okhotsk sea (page 117) are written, that from southern directions the island Kunashir is easy for accepting for eastern part of an island Hokkaido. Really, least width of a channel of Treason of 8,5 miles, and the depthes do not exceed 22 meters. A limiting depth of a fairway only 7 meters. The depthes on a fairway, and also lineament(outline) of a fairway change. The often mists aggravate dangers of sailing. To large courts to float on a channel of Treason it is not recommended. The Kunashir channel prolongs a channel of Treason. Width of a channel for a southern input(entrance) of 13 miles, for northern 23 miles. Depthes for a southern input(entrance) of 17-20 meters, for northern 2500 meters.
In a north of embayment of Treason the settlement Golovnino is arranged, which one has one jetty for shallow-draft crafts. Depthes in a going into embayment of Treason and in its mid-range from 4 up to 6 meters. The depthes often change the lineaments(outlines). To the north of perilune Golovnino there is a volcano Golovnin, the road to it is deserted and is blurred. An altitude of a volcano of 547 meters. In calder of a volcano Golovnin two lakes, disjointed rock, exude by gas are arranged. One of them, the lake Boiling, during volley volcanic lets of a steam-water mixture boils. The boiling water from lake Boiling is flown over in other lake, Ardent, which one in remaining time does not justify the title. However, the lake Ardent differs by unusual colour of water. The river Limnetic, having cut calder, bears limnetic water in a Kunashir channel. In calder of a volcano Golovnin the unusual silence strikes.
It is possible to consider, that the island Kunashir is a circuit of volcanos, coherent deposited by sand bridges. The volcano Golovnin images it specially clearly, being abjointed from a remaining part of an island by lake by sand. As is abjointed by lakes Lagunnoe and Argentine following for a volcano Golovnin a volcano of the Mendeleyev (887ì), on which one the Yuzhno-Kurilsk airport (spacing interval up to Yuzhno-Kurilsk - 22 km on road signs) is arranged. The volcano of the Mendeleyev has no exact calder, solfatar and fumarol of a field are sparse.
The settlement Yuzhno-Kurilsk is arranged in 10-12 km to the north of a volcano of the Mendeleyev, on a separate rock outstanding in a Yuzhno-Kuril channel. The altitude of this rock about 50 meters, so that settlement is considered tsunami-safety. The settlement Yuzhno-Kurilsk was constructed by the appendix to Yuzhno-Kurilsk fish-processing plant, derivated October 10, 1945.
In 4 km to the north of a settlement Yuzhno-Kurilsk, also on a high coast the small settlement a Joy is arranged. Earlier, the settlement a Joy was center of state farm "Distant". All population of an island Kunashir is massed up to this perilune. Further - not lived-in part of an island.
The north of an island Kunashir has become deserted after belching a volcano Tyatya in 1973. The belching was strong, it is a lot of volcanic ashes caked even on an island Shikotan, distant from a volcano on 80 km. The large enough settlement Tiatino was deserted and has vanished without leaving a trace. Volcano Tyatya - highest volcano of an island Kunashir. Its altitude reaches 1819-1822 m. Impresses a double tumulus of a volcano.
The volcano Tyatya is very dangerous to aircrafts. Some helicopters were divided about its fastigium. The volcano Tyatya prolongs to remain operational. Basically the fastigium soars, but sometimes toxic gases will be rejected by(with) a lateral crater. Probably, the unexpected lets of invisible toxic gases from a lateral crater also result in emergencies.
Volcano Rurui (Dokuchaev), altitude 1486ì, most hard-to-reach volcano of an island Kunashir. In a north of a volcano the settlement Dokuchaevo, nowadays marked as uninhabited was arranged, cape of Unsociable black colour is arranged little bit to the east. Accordingly, further - bay Unsociable.
Island Shikotan - largest island of a Small Kuril Patch. Length it 15 miles, width of 6-7 miles. A surface of an island, basically mountainous. The beaches mostly rocky, however are bluffy by a plenty of bays(coils), some of which are friend for parking courts.
On a southwest of an island the bay a Dolphin is arranged, which one presses in beach on 2,4 miles. However on a going into it the dangerous rocks blocking access lie. Therefore bay a Dolphin will not be used.
The bay Crab is arranged almost in middle of northwest beach of an island Shikotan. It presses in beach on 1,5 miles at width 2-3 kbt. The depthes of an input(entrance) make 10-11 meters, in middle of a bay of depth from 4 up to 8 meters. On a western coast of a bay the settlement Krabozavodskoye is arranged.
The settlement Malokurilskoye, arranged in 4-5 km to the north of a bay Crab, is an administrative centre of an island. Control fish processing plant "Insular" and, in a bay Malokurilskaja here places, the large part of oddments is no time of large fleet. Among ruins fish processing plant one plant attempts to let out fish canned food, noncompetitive, because of a large overhead expense. The bay Malokurilskaja is the most friend bay of Kuril islands. It is pure(clean) from dangers and is well sheltered from winds. The bay presses in beach on 1,2 miles at depthes on an input(entrance) of 15 meters, in mid-range - 6-7 meters. Near beaches built some jetties for shallow crafts.
The bay Pleasant is arranged between bays(coils) Crab and Malokurilskaja. It presses in beach on 1,3 miles at width about 2 kbt. Depthes in a bay on an input(entrance) of 10 meters, in middle of 4-7 meters.
The island Shikotan is known by cape an Edge(boundarouse) of Light. It is for some reason considered, what is it most eastern part of Kuril islands, however to the east of cape an Edge(boundarouse) of Light, on cape the Crab, is arranged a beacon Shpanberg.
The highest mountain of an island Shikotan is the mountain Shikotan, altitude of 405 meters. The volcanos and mineral sources on an island Shikotan no.
Eastern beach of an island Shikotan is deserted. The bays(coil) of eastern beach will be used very seldom and only by very small courts.
The island Iturup is arranged in 12 miles to north-east from islands Kunashir. An island Iturup - largest island of a Kuril patch. Length of an island Iturup from a southwest on north-east of 110 miles, width of an island reaches 25 miles.
The large part of an island is coated(obtected) with forests, basically, coniferous rocks. The tangle stunted bumboo is from apart looked as meadow. This impression is bastard, generally this is tangle of bamboo.
On an island flows past much little rivers and strands with good sweet water, however, during a spawning salmon, the water becomes unsuitable for a drink, becouse of mass destruction of fishes.
It is not enough of beach of an island, basically, high and without bays (coils), friend bays(coils) for of parking courts, therefore many courts will be rejected by strong gales on beach.
The island Iturup is abjointed from islands Kunashir by a channel Ekaterine. The depthes of a channel reach 450 meters. Flows in a channel strong.
Southern extremity of an island Iturup is the cape Ricord - vertical rock of dark red(crimson) colour. The cape Ricord is part of the operational volcano Berutarube, the altitude which one reaches 1222ì.
To the north of a volcano Berutarube the embayment Lion's is arranged To gorge, the depth which one in mid-range reaches 550ì. The beaches of embayment are zonated by mountains, the declines which one for water finish by breakaways. The winds blowing from these mountains, are be by so strong, that all water surface cover by sparks. To go into embayment at such winds it is not recommended.
The embayment a Kind Beginning is arranged to the north. Earlier, on river Quiet, running into embayment, the settlement Kind placed, in 5 km to the north of which one the large settlement Forestplant placed. These of perilune are now casted.
The volcano Atsonopuri, arranged number(series), is one of most beautiful operational volcanos of an island Iturup. Its altitude 1205ì. To the east of a volcano the very beautiful lakes Forestplant and Kind are arranged. To the south, in mountains, the lake Beautiful is arranged.
The airport "Stormnewser" is arranged on a coast of embayment Kasatka, from eastern party of an island Iturup. Near airport - small dock.
City Kurilsk, the settlements Whale and Reidovo are arranged for foot of a volcano Bogdan Khmelnitskiy (altitude of a volcano - 1589ì). The fastigium of a volcano practically is always sheltered by clouds, but for foot, specially on the part of a settlement Reidovo, the solar days are frequent.
The settlement Whale is a port settlement of an island Iturup, however depthes of a bay are minute.
In east the volcanos Ivan Awesome (1158ì), Dragon, Baranski (1132ì) are arranged.
Further of settlement Reidovo an island Iturup practically without people. Way, passing by a part on a sand coast, without ways, in some places the spigot products - quicksands are capable drown even large automobiles-rovers. It descends is so inconspicuous, that there were cases of destruction of the drivers. On roads the taluss are dangerous. They also are inconspicuous and only monuments, for example, in region of a bay Sailing, resemble of danger. Near this monument is arranged very beautiful waterfall. (Northern part of an island Iturup in general famous waterfalls. Is specially beautiful waterfall, dropping with an end on of cape Ilija Muromets.)
In northern part of an island the volcanos Little the Brother (582ì) and Curly (986ì) are arranged.
Now, except for a small balneary of central district hospital (20 places, 3 boshes by the size 1,5õ2,5ì. Temperature of waters up to 70 grades it is centigrade. The waters, basically acidic, with sulphur, but are available and with little alcaline, chlorine-sodium.) it is possible to calculate only on sources almost not run in. Capabilities of these sources small, the person on 5 is maximum, if bathing in water by all together. However, exchange of water fast enough, specially if to use own buckets.
Most attractive for the majority considers a source " a Kind Key " arranged in 25 km to a north from Yuzhno-Kurilsk. Good way to a source no. Thus it is necessary to be afraid of a quicksand, where founder even of a tractor, or to drive up to the end of a coast road (river Vinai), and is farther about 5 kms to pass on foot. Concrete bathes consists of three compartments(baies) - one large on 5-7 persons and two small - on 1-2-õ. (And a big bath, now). Temperature of water about 70 grades it is centigrade. Water - chlorine-sulphate, natrium-calcium. At water there is Bromum and silicon acid (more than 50 mg/l). Reacting of water - little alcaline, launcher about 8. Follow-up boost the subsequent marine bathings. The local residents consider water "radon" and apply as fortifying (tea on this water call Kuril). After an acceptance of boshes of a source " the Kind key " notably becomes stronger a skin. The women apply these boshes to overcoming barrenness.
Second, among fortifying, considers a source "Seventeenth kilometer". Up to it also there is no road, but it is possible to drive on a sporting motorcycle. Water from this source usually do not drink, though in her there are a lot of algaes.
As third, among fortifying, it is considered a source "on Tretijakovka". It is possible to reach it freely enough on the automobile, however in evenings and, specially, at the night local "the hosts of life" settle there "parties".
In past, a quite good place by vacation spot was so-called "complex "Rosinka"", however this complex was constructed disregarding of destructive power of a high water and feral visitors - now complex does not exist. Natural bathes have remained and, having expended forces on a high-gravity road (the boots are desirable), it is possible to accept hydrosulphuric boshes, which one effectively cure many dermal diseases.
A number(series), through a saddle-point, was ardent waterfall, which one now, after a hole cutting for geothermal power station, has lost temperature. But also now it is possible to burn a leg, having set in on oddments of thermal outputs(exits). These sources call also "Doctoral" è " an Acidic Key ". The colour of declines - from grey-cyan up to almost black is interesting. Waters acidic, with silphur, temperature up to 95 grades it is centigrade. The connections, keeping in waters, of a boron promote detaching of colloids. There are holes lets a lead-acid vapour. In waters the large contents of aluminium and Ferri lactas. On boulders hydrooxides intensively deposit, it is possible to meet the "blasted" rockss. Above, near the solfatar field of the operational volcano of the Mendeleyev (altitude of a volcano - 895ì.), the small Japanese plant on effecting sulphur - nowadays plant - picturesque ruins placed.
"Alekhinsk sources" also fall into fortifying. Now there it is freely possible to reach on a sporting motorcycle or on the rover. It is the most known parking ainu. The boshes are necessary for digging in sand having cast bands. Temperature is adjusted by position of boshes, if necessary it is possible to bring some buckets of seawater.
There are also exotic sources. But some, as for example "lake Boiling" (area 0,7 sq.km, depth 23m), are dangerous and not one resting has parted there with life during volley lets of boiling water, let alone boiling mud boiler, in which one temperature more than 100 Celsius degrees, and other (for example, "Neskuchnenskije", arranged for a base surface of a volcano Rurui) are known only for narrow circle of persons, though introduce extraordinary concern (a little who the present lactescent river with jelly by beaches) will do not forget this a source - the real milk-river with jelly-beaches.
The fortifying source near Kurilsk is most known. Bathes represent two concrete blocks, in each of which it is possible freely to be placed together. The water goes from hose pipes. Way is accessible to any transport. Spacing interval from Kurilsk small, kilometer four, is possible to reach also on foot, some difficulty is introduced by(with) steep descent. A number(series) is ruins of the unfinished complex, where it is possible to change clothes.
Near Reidovo, near ruins of a sanatorium complex, are natural bathes, capacity, approximately, on 5-7 persons. Bathes are arranged in a moorland, however are easily accessible. The largest source has a title "Hot waters". A structure of waters - natrium-calcium and chlorine-sulphate. The water has a mild odor of hydrogen sulphite. Salinity of 4 g/l. Temperature of water of a source more than 60 grades are centigrade. Up to ruins of a sanatorium complex the quite good road (4 km) is made.
Istochnik "Country", is arranged on an island Iturup in 8 kms north to the west airport Stormnewser. The water of a source (is present more than three outputs(exits)) carbon, siliceous, calcium-sodium. An output(exit) of water "the Large Key" represents a pool 2,5õ3,0õ1,2ì. Temperature more than 22 grades centigrade. The plenty of carbon dioxidal is excreted, therefore it seems, that the water "boils". The mineral structure is close to "Essentuki - 4".
If there is capabilities there is a sense to attempt to reach a volcano Baranski. It is best to use the rover "Ural". Impressions - indelible!
1. Oleg Bondarenko UNKNOWNS KURILS "VTI Deita-Press" Moscow 1992 It is a lot of the Soviet historians wrote about Sakhalin and Kuril islands. Is thought, the apogee these "researches" have reached(achieved) in little book "Area on islands", exhausted in Moscow in 1970-1979. By three issuings and general(common) circulation about 120 thousand copies. The writers - outstanding "specialist" on Far East the former maiden secretary Sakhalin centre of Communist Party P.Leonov, and also party ideologist I.Pankin and chief of the local writers I.Belousov.
P.Leonov - maiden secretary in 1961-1978ãã. A name him in definite circles said with a shiver. As on Sakhalin from Center a little who came, acted by a principle: " my island - my castle ". But infrequent visitors - chiefs - from Moskow, even of the president of Finland - met well, with the special Far East generosity. In vain waited in the visitors L.I.Brezhnev, but as a result of any palace intrigues in 1978. Brezhnev has not arrived. Then, in 1978, that has burst, sensational "fish business". There was killed for thefts a deputy minister of fish facilities(economy) USSR V.Ritov (Leonov's man), many chiefs are removed(taken off) from the posts. P.Leonov also was unexpectedly freed and... is transferred by the maiden secretary Kalinin centre of a Communist Party.
By the way, Oleg Bondarenko ðàys also attention and on Benevsky M.-A.:
Morits-August Benevsky - superadventurer of all times and peoples. For participation in Polish revolt was banished Ekaterine II on Kamchatka. There crawl in confidence to " rough, but good-natured " to the chief of Kamchatka Nilov (paralytic), has tempted his charming daughter Anastasy and in night on April 26, 1771 has arranged mutinity. Nilov brutally has killed. Then his band solemnly and at all "overthrow" Ekaterine II (Ekaterine II has learned(found out) about it only in some months), has trapped the ship and has hidden on Kuril islands. Benevsky was long searched. Russian of court rummaged around literally all Kurils. Between that he has arrived in Japan, has kept there on memory six famous letters, then has landed(put) all friends in prison on Makao, and ship sell on a speculative price. In 1773 on a commission of the French government has based colony on Madagascar. Hardly has leaded later native nations, has pronounced itself by the emperor of Madagascar and in 1786 was killed in scramble with the French.
At first there is some history.
March 19 1978 by the spectator of Kuril polygon V.Ashihin pronounced the forecast of earthquake for nearest 2-3 days. March 22-23 has taken place some earthquakes by force from 6,7 up to 7,6 balls. March 24 V.Ashihin pronounced the forecast about new earthquake for the nearest day. It has taken place according to the forecast and was most by strong (Ì=8). For following day the forecast of earthquakes also was pronounced. In night with 25 on March 26 there were some earthquakes by force 5-6 balls. After that the forecast about the termination(ending) of earthquakes was pronounced. The forecast completely has confirmed.
Now V.Ashihin has mislaid somewhere on continent, the building of Kuril polygon is erased.
12 mark scales MSK-64
1 ball. The earthquake by the people is not felt.
2 balls. The earthquake is felt by the people on the upper levels of buildings.
3 balls. The earthquake is felt on all levels of buildings. The duration of earthquake is determined.
4 balls. The earthquake is confidently felt in buildings. The wood walls crack. The ware rings.
5 balls. The earthquake is felt in the streets. People not sleeping. The glasses in windows burst(cleave). The doors are jammed.
6 balls. The earthquake is confidently felt by all. The gait becomes unstable. The windows are beaten, the furniture overturns. There are cracks in the foundations.
7 balls. It is difficult to be held on legs. The furniture is fractured. The bucking furnace tubes break off at a level of roofs(covers) and drop on ground.
8 balls. The buildings start to be blasted. The panels start to be torn off(lifted off) from skeletons(frameworks). The water towers drop. The branches on arbors break off. Start to occur(come up) cracks on a soil.
9 balls. The houses are blasted. The underground communications(services lines) are torn. There are considerable cracks above ground.
10 balls. Almost all of construction are blasted. There are cracks of a surface of width up to 1 meter. The fulcrums of arbors are fractured.
11 balls. Only very much few concrete buildings save stability(immunity). All bridges are blasted. Set of broad faults above ground. Landslides.
12 balls. Full destruction of buildings and facilities. The landscape changes. In air the wreckages fly.
